Checking in online at Spirit.com is free, and it’s the quickest way to check in for your flight and print your boarding pass. Check-in begins 24 hours before departure and ends an hour prior to departure. This is also a good time to buy a seat assignment or last minute bags – it will be less expensive online than at the airport.
Does Spirit have boarding pass on app?
iPhone Screenshots – Our newly redesigned app has been enhanced to provide a more dynamic relevant experience where you can stay informed and use more self-serve capabilities. Its only the beginning, more to come! Ready for More Go? With the Spirit Airlines app, easily manage all your trips in one place.
Book your next getaway, check-in for your flight, get your boarding pass, and receive flight status updates when you actually need them. Travel faster and lighter than ever before with your new travel app companion. My Trips – Get the information you need right at your fingertips with all your upcoming trips in one place.
Quickly see your flight status, gate/terminal, seat assignment, and much more! – Get notified when it’s time to check-in so you’re ready to go the next day – Access your boarding pass and move hassle-free through the airport – Need to make a change? Quickly update your seats, add bags or options to your trip Book Flights – Find and quickly book your next getaway with ease Flight Status – Stay up-to-date with the latest flight notifications informing you of any impacting changes – Easily check flight statuses so you know when your family and friends are arriving My Account – Sign up for Free Spirit® to start earning points immediately and use for award travel – View your member number, tier status and track your point balance – See points required to achieve next tier status – Personalize your profile with your own avatar Jan 26, 2023 Version 2.15.0 -Bug fixes and maintenance.
How do I get my boarding pass?
When will I get my boarding pass? – Boarding passes are provided at, either online (online check-in is usually available 24 hours prior to the flight) or in person at a kiosk or at the check-in counter.
Does Spirit boarding pass need to be printed?
Mobile boarding passes – is available from 24 hours up to 60 minutes before scheduled departure. You will need to print out your boarding pass after checking in, or download the mobile app ( or ). You can also check in at the self-service kiosks at the airport and print out the pass for $2.
Can you board without a boarding pass?
Page 26 – It seems like a simple enough request—be ready to show the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) officer your boarding pass and a government ID when you get to the front of the security line at the airport. And yet, sometimes you’ve tucked the paper boarding pass into a pocket, and you can’t remember which.
- Or decided to fold it up into your wallet and need dig it out.
- Or it’s on your phone, which is now locked.
- Well, there’s good news for those of us who feel like we are perpetually scrambling to find our boarding pass when we go through security.
- At more than 100 airports across the United States, travelers will no longer need to scan their boarding pass at security.
At these hubs, TSA is now using (CAT), a system linked electronically to the flight database allowing TSA officers to confirm travelers’ flight details as well as whether they are enrolled in a trusted traveler program, such as, simply by scanning their ID.
- Passengers still need to check in with their airline and obtain a boarding pass, either a paper or electronic one, and will still need to scan their boarding pass at their gate when boarding their flight.
- In order to take advantage of the CAT scanning procedure, passengers 18 years old and over will need to show valid identification, which includes a driver’s license (it will need to be a starting in May 2025), U.S.
passport or U.S. passport card, U.S. Department of Defense ID, U.S. Merchant Mariner ID, Global Entry or NEXUS card, permanent resident card, or other government-issued ID. These are many of the airports with the new CAT technology and where travelers are likely to not be asked by TSA agents to hand over their boarding pass:
Alaska’s Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC)Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL)Austin-Bergstrom International Airport (AUS)Bradley International Airport in Connecticut (BDL)Nashville International Airport (BNA)Boston Logan International Airport (BOS)Hollywood Burbank Airport (BUR)Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (BWI)Charleston International Airport (CHS)Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT)Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA)Denver International Airport (DEN)Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW)Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport (DTW)Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport in Florida (FLL)Honolulu’s Daniel K. Inouye International Airport (HNL)Washington-Dulles International Airport (IAD)Houston George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH)Long Island MacArthur Airport (ISP)Jackson Hole Airport (JAC)New York’s John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK)Harry Reid International Airport in Las Vegas (LAS)Los Angeles International Airport (LAX)LaGuardia Airport in New York (LGA)Orlando International Airport (MCO)Chicago Midway International Airport (MDW)Miami International Airport (MIA)Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport (MSP)Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport (MSY)Oakland International Airport (OAK)Ontario International Airport (ONT)Chicago O’Hare International Airport (ORD)Portland International Airport in Oregon (PDX)Philadelphia International Airport (PHL)Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX)Pittsburgh International Airport (PIT)Palm Springs International Airport (PSP)Portland International Jetport in Maine (PWM)Raleigh-Durham International Airport (RDU)Richmond International Airport (RIC)Reno/Tahoe International Airport (RNO)San Diego International Airport (SAN)Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport (SAV)Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (SEA)San Francisco International Airport (SFO)San Jose International Airport (SJC)Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico (SJU)Sacramento International Airport (SMF)John Wayne Airport in Orange County, California (SNA)
TSA posts a of all the airports with the new CAT security systems on its website. Eliminating the need to show a boarding pass is just one of several ways TSA is making the airport security process more streamlined and quicker. The agency also recently unveiled new Computed Tomography (CT) x-ray systems that will ultimately allow passengers to, speeding up the often sluggish security lines.
The scanners have already been installed at Lihue Airport on Hawai‘i’s Kauaʻi island, and additional scanners are being deployed to airports throughout the U.S. “In the future, the goal is to keep laptops and inside of the bag during checkpoint screening,” TSA stated in its, While we wait for this futuristic technology to hit more airports, there are a few additional measures travelers can take now to cut down security wait times.
TSA PreCheck already allows passengers to keep liquids and laptops in their carry-on bags and keep on their shoes, saving precious minutes in hectic lines. The service costs and (membership lasts five years). is another option, although the service is currently only offered at a few dozen airports.
- The program lets passengers check in at designated kiosks using facial recognition and fingerprint scans, as opposed to showing ID at the security checkpoints.
- Once the machine matches your identity with the boarding pass, an agent will whisk you to the front of the security line.
- Membership costs $189 per year, and you can sign up on the Clear website.
Select U.S. airports are also giving travelers the option to make an to head to the front of the security line—free of charge. This story was originally published in July 2022, and was updated on December 15, 2022, to include current information. : You’ll No Longer Need to Show TSA Your Boarding Pass at These Airports
Does Spirit charge for boarding pass?
Spirit Airlines Fees: What to Know Before You Fly It can be easy to be fooled into thinking you scored a deal after nabbing a $26 flight to Las Vegas on Spirit Airlines. But while the airfare itself is certainly cheap, there’s a good chance your total flight costs will far exceed $26.
That’s because Spirit Airlines has one of the most comprehensive a la carte pricing models of any airline. Spirit seats on their own tend to be tantalizingly cheap, but things that other airlines typically include in the cost of airfare — like soft drinks and reserved seats — will cost you extra. Suddenly, your $26 flight might start to cost the same, or even more, than the fares listed for non-budget airlines.
» Learn more: Base fares include one personal item, like a laptop bag or purse. But don’t think you can get away with not having to pay by stuffing all your possessions into a backpack, as even that might not fit. Spirit defines a personal item as anything 18 by 14 by 8 inches or smaller.
- Even something like would be too large by Spirit standards.
- For larger bags, like that backpack or rolling luggage, there’s a good chance that the cost to fly your stuff is more than the cost to fly yourself.
- Spirit doesn’t publish standard bag fees, as they can vary not only based on route but also on when you pay for them.
And the longer you wait, the more you’ll pay. If you’re paying at the gate, you could end up paying nearly twice as much as if you had paid the bag fee at the time of booking. While fees can fluctuate, here’s what Spirit bag fees look like for the aforementioned $26 flight between Seattle and Las Vegas:
| During Spirit.com booking | |||
| After booking, but before checking in online | |||
| At the airport (before the gate) | |||
And that’s assuming your baggage weighs 40 pounds or less. Here are the additional fees you’d pay per bag if transporting large or heavy items:
| Additional charge (on top of bag fee) | |
| Baggage weighing 41-50 lbs. | |
| Baggage weighing 51–70 lbs. | |
| Baggage weighing 71–100 lbs. | |
| Items measuring 63-80 linear inches (length + width + height) | |
| Items over 80 linear inches (length + width + height) | |
| Surfboard (maximum of 2 surfboards per bag) |
For customers enrolled in Spirit’s add-on membership program called Spirit Saver$ Club, there’s some good news: Bag fees are discounted. The membership costs $69.95 for 12 months, $99.90 ($5 savings) for 18 months and $129.90 ($10 savings) for 24 months. Here’s how much typical bag fees cost for that same flight if you’re a member of the Spirit Saver$ Club:
| During Spirit.com booking | |||
| After booking, but before checking in online | |||
| At the airport (before the gate) | |||
Depending on the size of your bag, it might not be considered a personal item, even if it fits under the seat in front of you. What’s more, you might not be able to carry it on, even if you think it’s a relatively small suitcase. Here’s how Spirit defines each type of bag:
Personal item: Maximum of 18 by 14 by 8 inches, including handles and wheels. Carry-on: Maximum of 22 by 18 by 10 inches, including handles and wheels. Checked bag: Maximum of 62 linear inches (length plus width plus height) including handles and wheels, and less than 100 pounds (overweight/oversize baggage fees apply).
Change fees are on hold temporarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Generally though, there’s a good chance that the cost to change or cancel your flight ends up being more than the cost of the flight itself. Spirit does not offer any sort of refundable fare, but it does provide some options to change and cancel reservations.
Spirit typically charges $90 to cancel your reservation online and an even heftier $100 to cancel over the phone or at the airport. Perhaps what stings even worse than paying $90 to cancel your flight: You won’t get the amount you paid refunded back to your original form of payment. Instead, you get it as a Reservation Credit toward future Spirit flights.
And adding insult to injury is that those credits have an expiration date; typically, your new flight made with the Reservation Credit must be booked within one year from the original date of purchase. If you’re changing your flight within 24 hours of departure, you can pay $99 to stand by for an earlier flight.
- If you booked an award ticket, expect to pay even more.
- The change fee is $110, and you still must pay the difference of any additional miles required for your new itinerary.
- » Learn more: Act quickly.
- As long as you’re booking a flight at least seven days before departure, Spirit does not charge a fee if the flight is changed or canceled within 24 hours after the initial purchase.
Money is refunded to the original form of payment. Book a Flight Flex (though we don’t recommend it). Flight Flex is a sort of insurance program offered by Spirit Airlines that allows you to modify your flight once without having to pay a change fee. But Flight Flex comes with its own fee which, like bag fees, can vary by flight.
- For this $26 flight between Seattle and Las Vegas, the cost to add the Flight Flex option was $45.
- And Flight Flex comes with restrictions, including that you are entitled to only one change, and you need to make the change more than 24 hours before the scheduled flight.
- Plus, you’re still on the hook to pay for any difference in fares.
Here’s why Flight Flex is generally a bad deal: Say you’re changing your $26 flight to a new $100 flight. With Flight Flex, you would have paid $71 (that’s $45 for the Flight Flex option plus $26 for the original flight). You also still owe $74 to make up the fare difference, which means changing to a new $100 flight ends up costing $145 after all the fees.
- Flight Flex is also included as part of Spirit’s Bundle It Combo (more on that later), which removes the a la carte aspect and instead packages a bunch of add-ons for one fee.
- If you want the ability to change your flight and anticipate checking bags anyway, the bundle option can make more sense.
- There’s no fee to check in online for your Spirit flight.
Once checked in, print your boarding pass at home, too, because it’s free. But if you fail to plan ahead, you’ll have to pay up. If you need to print your boarding pass at an airport kiosk, it costs $2. If you’re a luddite who prefers bypassing the kiosk in favor of a human, it costs even more: $10 to have your boarding pass printed by an airport agent.
Spirit waives those fees in a few circumstances, such as if you’re traveling as an unaccompanied minor, with a lap infant, or if you’re using a military ID instead of a passport and are unable to check in online. Whether you’re trying to avoid the middle seat or you just want to guarantee that you can sit next to your kid, it’s going to cost you to choose your seat ahead of time.
Spirit doesn’t have a published list of seat assignment pricing as it varies per flight, though the airline says all seat reservations start at a minimum of $5. But $5 is a liberal assumption for how much you’ll actually pay to reserve your seats. Here’s how much seat assignments cost on that same $26 flight between Seattle and Las Vegas: 
The “Big Front Seats” have more legroom, are wider (no middle seat in the row) and cost an additional $40. The often-coveted seats in the emergency exit rows cost $20, and even a middle seat near the back costs $12 to reserve. All refreshments sold in-flight on Spirit come with a fee, such as coffee ($2), sodas and juices ($3), beer and wine ($8) and snacks like Pringles or Oreos (starting at $3).
- Spirit charges $110 per pet container, each way, with a limit of four pets total in the cabin.
- Spirit allows you to put two pets in one container.
- If you are traveling with a pet or two, they’ll always ride with you in-cabin, as Spirit does not transport pets in cargo.
- And even still, there are a number of limitations.
Pets need to be small, since the container must fit under the seat, and pets must be able to stand and turn around in the container. Plus, the combined weight of the pet and carrier must be 40 pounds or less. For an additional fee, you can whiz through security and be one of the first to board the plane.
Starting at $5.99, Spirit’s “Shortcut Boarding” access allows you priority boarding in Zone 2. Depending on the airport you’re departing from, you may also be able to pay for “Shortcut Security,” though we don’t recommend it. It’s not, but it will allow you to go through security in an expedited lane.
Costs vary per airport but don’t exceed $15, though it’s not a guarantee your airport even offers the Shortcut Security program. Is your kid flying alone? That’s an extra $100. You’ll get hit with that unaccompanied minor fee if the child is 5-14 years old.
On the bright side, Spirit will throw in a free snack and drink for your kid, a solid $6 value. Spirit won’t allow children to fly alone if they’re 4 or younger, or if they’re traveling on a connecting flight, international flights or domestic flights that include a scheduled change of aircraft. Spirit offers bundled packages during the booking process.
If you anticipate paying for a number of these fees anyway, then bundling them isn’t a bad deal. Going back to that same flight between Seattle and Las Vegas, it costs $52.99 more for the Boost It package and $64.99 for the Bundle It package. 
Here’s how much it would cost to order a la carte what you can get in the combo packages for one set price: Boost It package (costs $52.99):
Pick Your Seat: $20 (exit row!). Personal item: $0 (already included with airfare). Checked Bag plus 10 pounds extra: $33 (if the bag weighs 40 pounds or less) or $63 (if it weighs 50 pounds or less). Shortcut Boarding: $5.99.
The Boost It package is worth $88.99 in this scenario (if you take advantage of the 50 pound allowance), which is a $36 savings. If your bag is less than 40 pounds ($33) but you want to pick a seat ($20) and have Shortcut Boarding ($5.99), then you save only a few dollars on the Boost It bundle price.
Personal item: $0 (already included with airfare). Checked Bag plus 10 pounds extra: $33 (if the bag weighs 40 pounds or less) or $63 (if it weighs 50 pounds or less). Shortcut Boarding: $5.99.
*It’s tough to assign a value to Spirit miles because you accrue a different number of miles based on your status within the Free Spirit program. The 2x miles aside, the Bundle It package is worth $133.99 in this scenario, which is a $69 savings if you were to buy each item individually at booking.
- Spirit says it’s a $104 savings value, based on the company’s own mileage valuation.
- Again, if you are packing that oversize bag (between 40 and 50 pounds) or you want the Flight Flex option (which we don’t really recommend), then it’s worth it.
- But if you want only a few things — say one checked bag that weighs less than 40 pounds, the ability to choose your seat and shortcut boarding — keep buying a la carte.
In NerdWallet’s annual, Spirit ranked second-to-last for lowest average fees. The only airline that had higher fees was fellow budget airline Frontier. Spirit passengers can expect to spend an average of $137 on fees, including about $56 for a checked bag and $60 for a carry-on, plus $21 for seat selection.
Frequently asked questions What fees does Spirit Airlines charge? Spirit is a low-cost carrier, which means that the price you pay for the flight will include only the ticket itself. You will need to pay for everything you’d like to add such as bags, printing your boarding pass at the airport, selecting your seat, change fees, award redemption fees, meals on the flight, early boarding and more.
The fees fluctuate based on when you purchase these add-ons, so a bag purchased at booking will be cheaper than if you purchase it at the gate. Is Spirit really cheaper? Because Spirit is a low-cost carrier, you will need to pay extra for everything other than the flight.
So, if you’ll be checking a bag, printing your boarding pass at the airport, purchasing food on the plane and paying for a seat up front, you’ll end up paying for each of these add-ons, which will increase the price of your ticket. If you often fly with Spirit and value these extras, the carrier offers the Spirit Saver$ Club, which provides discounts on bags, seats and more.
Do you have to pay for seats on Spirit? Spirit will assign a random seat to you during the check-in process. However, if you’d like to choose your own seat or select one at booking, you will need to pay for it. The proximity to the front of the plane also affects the cost of the seat.
- If you’re interested in the Big Front Seat, which is Spirit’s equivalent of domestic first class, it will be cheaper to purchase this seat in advance instead of at the airport.
- Is a backpack free on Spirit? You are allowed one personal item (e.g., purse, small backpack) free of charge.
- The dimensions must not exceed 18 x 14 x 8 inches (45 x 35 x 20 cm) including handles and wheels.
If your backpack is larger, refer to the carry-on and checked bag price list. What fees does Spirit Airlines charge? Spirit is a low-cost carrier, which means that the price you pay for the flight will include only the ticket itself. You will need to pay for everything you’d like to add such as bags, printing your boarding pass at the airport, selecting your seat, change fees, award redemption fees, meals on the flight, early boarding and more.
- The fees fluctuate based on when you purchase these add-ons, so a bag purchased at booking will be cheaper than if you purchase it at the gate.
- Is Spirit really cheaper? Because Spirit is a low-cost carrier, you will need to pay extra for everything other than the flight.
- So, if you’ll be checking a bag, printing your boarding pass at the airport, purchasing food on the plane and paying for a seat up front, you’ll end up paying for each of these add-ons, which will increase the price of your ticket.
If you often fly with Spirit and value these extras, the carrier offers the Spirit Saver$ Club, which provides discounts on bags, seats and more. Do you have to pay for seats on Spirit? Spirit will assign a random seat to you during the check-in process.
However, if you’d like to choose your own seat or select one at booking, you will need to pay for it. The proximity to the front of the plane also affects the cost of the seat. If you’re interested in the Big Front Seat, which is Spirit’s equivalent of domestic first class, it will be cheaper to purchase this seat in advance instead of at the airport.
Is a backpack free on Spirit? You are allowed one personal item (e.g., purse, small backpack) free of charge. The dimensions must not exceed 18 x 14 x 8 inches (45 x 35 x 20 cm) including handles and wheels. If your backpack is larger, refer to the carry-on and checked bag price list.
Book your $26 flight, but expect to spend a lot more than that. You might have thought you could get away without a carry-on when you booked the flight, but as you start packing, you realize you’ll need a small rolling suitcase. That’s an extra $45 at check-in. You don’t have a printer, so you’ll have to pay $2 to print your boarding pass at the airport kiosk.
You don’t want the middle seat so you accept you’ll pay $14 to choose an aisle, but why pay $14 for an aisle when it’s only $6 more for the exit row aisle? You pay $20 to choose a good seat. Once flying, you pay $3 for a ginger ale. While your credit card is already out, you throw in Sea Salt PopCorners for $4.
- Suddenly, your $26 flight has become $100.
- That’s not even including a number of other fees you might end up paying too, like pet fees, priority boarding, cancellation fees and more.
- Don’t be fooled into thinking Spirit has ultra-cheap fares.
- Traveling with Spirit is cheap if you pack uber-light — and pack your own snacks.
For budget travelers who can plan ahead, Spirit can be a deal. But pay attention when booking, because your “cheap” Spirit flight might cost more than a ticket on any of the other airlines. : Spirit Airlines Fees: What to Know Before You Fly
Can I just use mobile for boarding pass?
Multiple boarding passes for families and groups – Download up to eight boarding passes to one mobile device, reducing the risk of losing your paper boarding passes when travelling as a family or group. However, you will be unable to use them if you have an infant in your booking. Available on iPhone and Android devices.
| Benefits | Mobile app | iPad app |
| Free to download | ||
| Book a flight | ||
| View your upcoming flights | ||
| Track your flight’s status | ||
| Check in and choose your seat | ||
| Download your individual mobile boarding pass | ||
| Download multiple boarding passes to one device (for up to eight people travelling on the same booking) | ||
| Download boarding passes for connecting flights | ||
| Lounge Wi-Fi passwords |
table>
Executive Club Member additional benefits Mobile app iPad app Search availability with Reward Flight Finder Book reward flights with Avios View your digital Membership Card Track your Avios and Tier Points View your Executive Club account and recent transactionstable>
Currently available in English and French. You can download and store your boarding pass onto your mobile phone and use it in the same way as the paper version.
- Your British Airways app will notify you when your flight is open for check-in.
- Open your app, tap the “Check in/Get boarding pass” button and follow the instructions on screen.
- Once you have checked in, your mobile boarding pass will be downloaded to your phone. You can now access your boarding pass at any time, even if you’re not online.
Show all Hide all show hide expanded collapsed No need to get your phone out, just check your wrist watch for:
- your flight number and route
- departure time countdown
- the on-time status of your flight
- your departure gate (available at London Heathrow Terminal 5)
- the weather forecast at your destination
How to get your boarding pass on your Apple Watch
- Download the British Airways app on your iPhone and Apple Watch.
- Check in for your flight on your iPhone.
- Download your boarding pass to Passbook/Wallet on your iPhone through the British Airways app.
- Scan your Passbook boarding pass at security and boarding gates.
: Information | British Airways
How many hours before we can get boarding pass?
Accordingly ensure you reach the Airport at least 2 or 3 hours before the scheduled departure of the Aeroplane. This will give you time to check in and collect your boarding pass, check in your baggage, go through the security screening and be at the departure gate in time for your flight.
Does everyone need their own boarding pass?
Yes, everyone needs a copy of their boarding pass prior to flying. You can print these separately or have them saved on the same mobile device.
Is checking in the same as getting a boarding pass?
Boarding pass – A is a document provided by an airline during check-in giving a passenger permission to board the airplane for a particular flight. At a minimum, it identifies the passenger, the flight number, and the date and scheduled time for departure. Boarding passes are always required to board a flight. Often, airlines accept either paper or electronic boarding passes (on phone or tablet).
Can you still get a paper boarding pass?
Generally, airlines give passengers the option to print paper boarding passes themselves at home. Check in online within 24 hours of the flight and look for this option. Alternately, print boarding passes yourself from a self-serve kiosk at the airport.
How early should I get to the airport for Spirit Airlines?
Please be prepared and give yourself plenty of time for your upcoming trip. We recommend arriving at least two hours prior to your scheduled departure for domestic flights and at least three hours prior to a departure for an international flight. Also, the TSA screening requirements have recently changed and require that guests checking bags at the ticket counter or Bag Drop will need to do so at least 45 minutes before scheduled departure ( 60 minutes for international and U.S.V.I.
Flights), but no more than 4 hours prior to the scheduled departure time. Spirit may cancel a reservation or seat assignment for any guest without a boarding pass at least 45 minutes prior to a scheduled departure (60 minutes for international and U.S.V.I. flights). Please be available for boarding at the gate at least 15 minutes prior to your scheduled domestic departure and 30 minutes prior to your international departure or you may lose your reservation.
In the event of a delay, we recommend that guests remain in the gate area for updates and possible early departures.
Does it matter when I check-in for Spirit?
Check-in begins 24 hours before departure and ends an hour prior to departure. This is also a good time to buy a seat assignment or last minute bags – it will be less expensive online than at the airport.
Can I use my phone for check-in on Spirit?
Does Spirit Airlines (NK) offer ticket counter check-in? – Yes, you may check-in for your Spirit Airlines (NK) flight at the airport ticket counter from 30 minutes to 3 hours before the scheduled departure time (depending on your departure city and destination).
Why does my spirit app say See agent for boarding pass?
If the flight is oversold, the airline will ask for volunteers to take another flight first. If no one agrees to do that, those left without a seat assignment could be among the first to be involuntarily bumped, which includes someone with the note ‘see agent’ on their boarding pass.
